Problem+Set+2

Here is the ProblemSet #2 file. The on-line due day is 06-29-2010. Please download it, answer the questions assigned to your LG (LG-WX, LG from Worcester; LG-MX, LG from Manchester), and upload your answer file back accordingly (below). If you have any problems to upload your file back, please send your file directly to me at jonathan.sheng@mcphs.edu and l will do it for you. Each question will be answered by two LGs independently.

Question A.(a). LG-M7 pH 0= 0.760 pH 1= 0.240 pH 2= 0.031 pH 3= 3.15x10^-3 pH 4= 3.16x10^-4 pH 5= 3.16x10^-5 pH 6= 3.16x10^-6 pH 7= 3.16x10^-7 pH 8= 3.16x10^-8 pH 9= 3.16x10^-9 pH 10= 3.16x10^-10 pH 11= 3.16x10^-11 pH 12= 3.16x10^-12 pH 13= 3.16x10^-13 pH 14= 3.16x10^-14

LGW7: A.a) Caffeine is a basic drug (pKa= 0.5)
 * ** pH ** || ** pH-pka ** || ** % inization ** ||
 * 0 || -0.5 || 75.9 ||
 * 1 || 0.5 || 24 ||
 * 2 || 1.5 || 3.06 ||
 * 3 || 2.5 || 0.31 ||
 * 4 || 3.5 || 0.031 ||
 * 5 || 4.5 || 3.16x10^-3 ||
 * 6 || 5.5 || 3.16x10^-4 ||
 * 7 || 6.6 || 3.16x10^-5 ||
 * 8 || 7.5 || 3.16x10^-6 ||
 * 9 || 8.5 || 3.16x10^-7 ||
 * 10 || 9.5 || 3.16x10^-8 ||
 * 11 || 10.5 || 3.16x10^-9 ||
 * 12 || 11.5 || 3.16x10^-10 ||
 * 13 || 12.5 || 3.16x10^-11 ||
 * 14 || 13.5 || 3.16x10^-12 ||

Question A.(b). LG-M8: pH 0= 0.99 pH 1= 0.99 pH 2= 0.99 pH 3= 0.99 pH 4= 0.99 pH 5= 0.99 pH 6= 0.96 pH 7= 0.76 pH 8= 0.24 pH 9= 0.03 pH 10= 3.15x10^-3 pH 11= 3.16x10^-4 pH 12= 3.16x10^-5 pH 13= 3.16x10^-6 pH 14= 3.16x 10^-7

LG-W8:

Question A.(c).
 * LG-M9:**

C) Darnital pKa 5.5 - it's a weak acid points on the graph:

pH = 0, 0.000003 pH = 1, 0.00003 pH = 2, 0.0003 pH = 3, 0.003 pH = 4, 0.031 pH = 5, 0.240 pH = 6, 0.760 pH = 7, 1.000 pH = 8, 1.000 pH = 9, 1.000 pH = 10, 1.000 pH = 11, 1.000

LG-W9:



Question B.(a). LG-W10:

LG-W11:
 * pH – pKa || Ionized Acid Drug (%) ||
 * -4 || 0.01 ||
 * -3 || 0.10 ||
 * -2 || 0.99 ||
 * -1 || 9.09 ||
 * -0.8 || 13.68 ||
 * -0.6 || 20.08 ||
 * -0.4 || 28.47 ||
 * -0.2 || 38.69 ||
 * 0 || 50.00 ||
 * 0.2 || 61.31 ||
 * 0.4 || 71.53 ||
 * 0.6 || 79.92 ||
 * 0.8 || 86.32 ||
 * 1 || 90.91 ||
 * 2 || 99.01 ||
 * 3 || 99.90 ||
 * 4 || 99.99 ||

Question B.(b).
 * LG-W12:**

% Ionization = 100/(1+(10^pH-pKa))
 * **__pH-pKa__** || **__Ionized Base Drug (%)__** ||
 * -4 || 99.99 ||
 * -3 || 99.90 ||
 * -2 || 99.01 ||
 * -1 || 90.91 ||
 * -0.8 || 86.32 ||
 * -0.6 || 79.92 ||
 * -0.4 || 71.53 ||
 * -0.2 || 61.31 ||
 * 0 || 50.00 ||
 * 0.2 || 38.69 ||
 * 0.4 || 28.47 ||
 * 0.6 || 20.08 ||
 * 0.8 || 13.68 ||
 * 1 || 9.09 ||
 * 2 || 0.99 ||
 * 3 || 0.10 ||
 * 4 || 0.01 ||

LG-W13:

% ionization = 100/(1+(10^(pH-pKa))) -4 ||  99.99  || -3  ||  99.90  || -2  ||  99.01  || -1  ||  90.91  || -0.8  ||  86.32  || -0.6  ||  79.92  || -0.4  ||  71.53  || -0.2  ||  61.31  || 0  ||  50.00  || 0.2  ||  38.69  || 0.4  ||  28.47  || 0.6  ||  20.08  || 0.8  ||  13.68  || 1  ||  9.09  || 2  ||  0.99  || 3  ||  0.10  || 4  ||  0.01  ||
 * __ Equation __** :
 * pH-pKa ** ||
 * Ionized Base Drug (%) ** ||
 * Ionized Base Drug (%) ** ||

Question B. (c). LG-W14: LG 14 Worcester Katrine Dionne Question B (c) When an acid is at a pH less than the Pka it will remain in the unionized form. As the pH increases and then exceeds the Pka the acid will lose it’s hydrogen and become more and more ionized. This is the opposite for a basic drug. When the pH is low it will lose it’s hydrogen readily and will be in the more ionized state. As the pH increases it will be more likely to be unionized. LG-W15: